CDE Process Manager
New in Solaris 8 is CDE Process Manager, sdtprocess, a graphical Common Desktop Environment CDE tool that provides a Process Manager window for monitoring and controlling system processes. The advantage of using Process Manager is that you can view and control processes without knowing all the complex options associated with the ps and kill commands. For example, you can display processes that contain specific character strings, and you can sort the process list alphabetically or numerically....
Fragment Size
As files are created or expanded, they are allocated disk space in either full logical blocks or portions of logical blocks called fragments. When disk space is needed to hold data for a file, full blocks are allocated first, and then one or more fragments of a block are allocated for the remainder. For small files, allocation begins with fragments. The ability to allocate fragments of blocks to files rather than whole blocks saves space by reducing the fragmentation of disk space that results...
F
false programs, 463, 467 FCode interpreter, 54 fd -k command, 536 FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface , 492 fdformat command, 266, 269-271 fdfs file descriptor file system , 524 features, disabling, 560-561 fg foreground , 616 Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI , 492 fields etc auto_master, 640 action, 369 Add User, 163-164 auth_attr, 742 direct maps, 645 exec_attr, 749 indirect maps, 649 inittab action, 28 processes, 338-339 prof_attr, 745 roles, 710 selector, 368 user_attr, 740 Xservers...
Restricting FTP
Solaris 8's File Transfer Protocol FTP is a common tool for transferring files across the network. Although most sites leave FTP enabled, you need to limit who can use it. Solaris 8 contains a file named etc ftpusers, which is used to restrict access via FTP. The etc ftpusers file contains a list of login names that are prohibited from running an FTP login on the system. Following is an example of the default etc ftpusers file Names in this file must match login names in your etc passwd file....
Step By Step Xnf
11.2 Recovering the Root or usr File System 1. Replace and partition the disk if it has failed. 2. Re-create the file system by issuing the newfs command as follows newfs in which lt disk-partition-name gt is the name of the raw disk partition containing the corrupted file system. 3. Check the new file system using fsck as follows fsck 4. Mount the new file system on a temporary mount point mount dev dsk lt disk-partition-name gt mnt 5. Change to the mnt directory cd mnt 6. Write-protect the...
The rhosts File
The .rhosts file is the user equivalent of the etc hosts.equiv file. It contains a list of hosts and users. If a host-user combination is listed in this file, the specified user is granted permission to log in remotely from the specified host without having to supply a password. Note that an .rhosts file must reside at the top level of a user's home directory because .rhosts files located in subdirectories are not consulted. Users can create .rhosts files in their home directories another way...
The fuser Command
Before you can unmount a file system, you must be logged in as the administrator root , and the file system must not be busy. A file system is considered busy if a user is in a directory in the file system or if a program has a file open in that file system. You can make a file system available for unmounting by changing to a directory in a different file system or by logging out of the system. If something is causing the file system to be busy, you can use the fuser command, described in Table...
Apply Your Knowledge Oeg
10. A., B. Root has full privileges under AdminSuite. Members of the sysadmin group group 14 are allowed to use the Admintool utility and the Solstice AdminSuite software for the purpose of adding and removing users accounts, groups, software, printers, and serial devices. 11. A. On files, the w in the first field of the permissions list designates write privileges for the owner. 12. C. The chmod command changes access permissions on a file. You can use either symbolic mode letters and symbols...
Physical Device Name 1
Before the operating system OS is loaded, the system locates a particular device through the full device pathname. Full device pathnames are described in Chapter 2, OpenBoot. However, after the kernel is loaded, a device is located by its physical device pathname. Physical device names represent the full device pathname for a device. Note that the two names have the same structure. For example, let's view the full device pathname for a SCSI disk at target 0 by typing show-devs at the OpenBoot...
tar Examples
The following examples illustrate the use of the tar command. To create a tape archive of everything in the home bcalkins directory on tape device dev rmt 0, type the following tar cvf dev rmt 0 home bcalkins To list the files in the archive, type the following tar tvf dev rmt 0 To restore the file home bcalkins .profile from the archive, type the following tar xvf dev rmt 0 home bcalkins .profile Use tar to create an archive file on disk instead of tape. The tar filename will be files.tar, as...
Setting Up NIS Slave Servers
Before setting up the NIS slave server, you must first set it up as a NIS client. After you've verified that the NIS master server is functioning properly by testing the NIS service on this system, you can set up the system as a slave server. Your network can have one or more slave servers. Having slave servers ensures the continuity of NIS services if the master server is unavailable. Before actually running ypinit to create the slave servers, you should run the domainname command on each NIS...
The Swap File System swapfs
Physical memory is the random access memory RAM installed in your computer. To view the amount of physical memory installed in your computer, type the following prtconf grep Memory size The system displays a message similar to the following Memory size 128 Megabytes Not all physical memory is available for Solaris processes. Some memory is reserved for kernel code and data structures. The remaining memory is referred to as available memory. Processes and applications on your system may use...
Exam Simulation
One of the main functions of ExamGear, Training Guide Edition is exam simulation. To prepare you to take the actual vendor certification exam, the Training Guide Edition of this test engine is designed to offer the most effective exam simulation available. The questions provided in the ExamGear, Training Guide Edition simulations are written to high standards of technical accuracy. The questions tap the content of the Training Guide chapters and help you assess and review your knowledge before...
Chapter Summary Kms
This chapter described the fundamentals of installing a system. It described the steps of preparation that the system administrator must perform before installing Solaris 8. The chapter also addressed the topics and terms you'll need to know when taking the first Solaris certified system administrator exam. Other chapters in this book discuss the various installation procedures such as JumpStart, Web Start, and installation of a server using the Interactive Installation program in more detail...
TCPIP Commands
TCP IP offers several commands and features that are supported on the Solaris operating environment. These commands are part of the TCP IP networking package and are available on all UNIX systems that implement TCP IP, unless specifically disabled by the administrator. telnet is used to log into another system on the network. The following is a sample session telnet pyramidl Trying 192.9.200.4 Connected to pyramidl. Escape character is ' '. Last login Mon Jul 30 15 12 59 from 192.9.200.1 Sun...
TCPIP Model
The Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP model is a network communications protocol consisting of a set of formal rules that describe how software and hardware should interact within a network. TCP IP uses five layers in the OSI reference model The Hardware layer corresponds to the ISO OSI Physical layer, and describes the network hardware including electrical and mechanical connections to the network. This layer regulates the transmission of unstructured bit streams over a...
Using a Printer Not Listed on the Printer Types Menu
Printer types listed in the Print Manager window correspond to printers listed in the usr share lib terminfo directory. If a printer type is not available for the type of printer you are adding, you might need to add an entry in the usr share lib terminfo database. Each printer is identified in the terminfo database by a short name for example, an HP LaserJet printer is listed under the usr share lib terminfo h directory as HPLaserJet. The entries for PostScript printers are in usr share lib...
WebNFS
WebNFS is a product from Sun Microsystems that extends its NFS to the Internet. Sun believes WebNFS offers considerable performance advantages over the current Internet protocols, HTTP and FTP. Netscape, Oracle, IBM, Apple, and Novell have announced support for WebNFS. The World Wide Web has become the people's choice for information distribution and sharing across the Internet. The web's ease of use and widespread availability has helped it outshine similar technologies. Unfortunately, the...
Process Nlwp
The process identification a unique number that defines the process within the kernel . The login ID name of the owner of the process The total virtual memory size of the process in kilobytes K , megabytes M , or gigabytes G . The resident set size of the process in kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes. cpu lt n gt Process is running on CPU lt n gt sleep Process is waiting for an event to complete. run Process is in run queue zombie Process terminated and parent not waiting stop Process is...
Figure F8
The Examination Score Report screen. This screen provides you with a graphical display of your test score, along with a tabular breakdown of scores by chapter. The graphical display at the top of the screen compares your overall score with the score required to pass the exam. Buttons below the graphical display allow you to open the Show Me What I Missed browse sequence, print the screen, or return to the main menu. Note that the window caption is modified to indicate that you are in the Show...
192168021
12. Unmount the directory on the NFS client as follows Note that the -r option specifies that only remote file system types are to be unmounted. 13. Verify that the file system is no longer mounted by typing 14. On the NFS server, unshare the usr share man directory by typing the following 15. On the NFS client, try to mount the usr share man directory from the NFS server as follows mount lt nfs server name gt usr share man usr share man It should not allow you to mount it. 16. Check the shared...
Changing the Scheduling Priority of Processes with priocntl
The standard priority scheme has been improved beginning with Solaris n as part of its support for real-time processes. Real-time processes are designed to work in applications areas in which nearly immediate response to events is required. These processes are given nearly complete access to all system resources when they are running. Solaris uses time-sharing priority numbers ranging from 20 to 20. Solaris uses the priocntl command, intended as an improvement over the nice command, to modify...
Step By Step Sei
Use the pop-up menu to modify workspace button parameters. For example, to rename a workspace, follow these steps 1. Point to the button of the workspace you want to rename. 2. Choose Rename from the button's pop-up menu displayed when you click the third mouse button . The workspace button turns into a text field. Customizing the controls in the workspace switch is an advanced task that requires the system administrator to create a Front Panel configuration file. This section describes some...
Chapter Summary
This chapter reviewed the Solaris startup and shutdown procedures. Powering up the system in the proper sequence, entering the OpenBoot PROM, booting the system, and loading the kernel were discussed. Next, the various system init states were described, detailing how Solaris processes and services are started beginning from bootup and continuing to multiuser mode. The system administrator can further control these services by adding and removing run control scripts. Finally, I described how...
The setuid and setgid Programs
When set-user identification setuid permission is set on an executable file, a process that runs the file is granted access based on the file's owner usually root rather than the user who created the process. This allows a user to access files and directories that normally are available only to the owner. For example, the setuid permission on the passwd command makes it possible for a user to edit the etc passwd file to change passwords. When a user executes the passwd command, that user...
OpenBoot Architecture
The OpenBoot architecture provides an increase in functionality and portability when compared to the proprietary systems of some other hardware vendors. Although this architecture was first implemented by Sun Microsystems as OpenBoot on SPARC Scaleable Processor Architecture systems, its design is processor-independent. Following are some notable features of OpenBoot firmware Plug-in device drivers. A device driver that can be loaded from a plug-in device, such as an SBus card. The plug-in...
Sourcing the HOME dtprofile Script
At session startup, the Xsession script sources the user's HOME .dtprofile script a bin sh or bin ksh script that lets users set up environment variables for their sessions. .dtprofile accepts only sh or ksh syntax. The desktop default is usr dt config sys.dtprofile. If the HOME .dtprofile script does not exist for example, when a user is logging in for the first time , Xsession copies the desktop default sys.dtprofile to HOME .dtprofile. You can customize the sys.dtprofile script by copying it...
The Forth Monitor
The Forth Monitor, the default mode in OpenBoot, is an interactive command interpreter that gives you access to an extensive set of functions for hardware and software diagnosis. These functions are available to anyone who has access to the system console. The Forth Monitor prompt is ok. When you enter the Forth Monitor mode, the following line is displayed On older SPARCstations, if you want to leave the Forth Monitor mode and get into the Restricted Monitor mode, type the following When the...
S05rmtmpfiles
S71sysid.sys S72autoinstall S72inetsvc S72slpd S73cachefs.daemon S73nfs.client S74autofs S74syslog w Although the scripts appear as files in q each directory, the rc lt n gt .d directories Z contain hard links to the etc init.d directory. On other UNIX systems, startup scripts are sometimes found in sbin rc lt n gt .d and in etc rc lt n gt .d directories. Links were put into Solaris so that users who were accustomed to other flavors of UNIX HP-UX, SunOS, and so on could locate the startup files...
Shutdown
Boot PROM and Program Phases 16 Using the Run Control Scripts to Stop or Commands to Shut Down the System 36 Stopping the System for Recovery The following strategies will help you study for the When studying this chapter, I suggest that you practice each step-by-step process that I've outlined on a Sun system. Unfortunately, an Intel-based system running Solaris 8 does not provide the OpenBoot environment necessary to practice every topic that is described in this chapter. In addition to...
Advice on Taking the Exam
More extensive tips are found in the Study and Exam Prep Tips and throughout the book, but keep in mind the following advice as you study for the exam Read all the material. This book includes information not reflected in the exam objectives to better prepare you for the exam and for real-world experiences. Read all of the material to benefit from this. Do the step-by-step exercises and complete the exercises in each chapter. This will help you gain experience. Use the questions to assess your...
Whats New in Solaris 8
This section covers some of the new features found in Solaris 8 that were not available in Solaris 7. Although most changes are minor, it's important to note the differences that apply to system administration. The name of the core operating system is SunOS 5.8. Enhancements in this release include the following The Solaris Product Registry, which is a tool used to manage software installed using Solaris Web Start 3.0 or the Solaris management commands, such as pkgadd. devfsadm provides an...